🩺 NEET UG Medical 680+ • 🎯 Target: 3-4 Questions (~12-16 Marks) • ⚡ Rating: High Yield (9.8/10) • ⏱️ Read Time: ~10 Mins

Cell

Q1. Which one of the following statements refers to Reductionist Biology?

[NEET 2025] {{PYQ: [NEET 2025]}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Physico-chemical approach to study and understand living organisms
(b.) Physiological approach to study and understand living organisms
(c.) Chemical approach to study and understand living organisms
(d.) Behavioural approach to study and understand living organisms
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Physico-chemical approach to study and understand living organisms

The physico-chemical approach to study and understand living organisms is called ‘Reductionist Biology’.

Q2. Different cells have different sizes. Arrange the following cells in an ascending order of their size and select the correct option.

(i) Mycoplasma

(ii) Ostrich egg

(iii) Human RBCs

(iv) Cyanobacteria {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) (i) → (iv) → (iii) → (ii)
(b.) (i) → (iii) → (iv) → (ii)
(c.) (ii) → (i) → (iii) → (iv)
(d.) (iii) → (ii) → (i) → (iv)
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* (i) → (iv) → (iii) → (ii)

Q3. Tarun observed a slide of white blood cells under microscope. His teacher asked him to draw the diagram, Select the diagram which should be drawn by Tarun. {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Analysing}
(a.)
(b.)
(c.)
(d.)
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:*

$\text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1}. \textbf{Identify} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{the} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{specimen}. \&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{slide}\&\text{nbsp};\text{contains}\&\text{nbsp};\text{white}\&\text{nbsp};\text{blood}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};(\text{leucocytes}),\&\text{nbsp};\text{which}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{larger}\&\text{nbsp};\text{than}\&\text{nbsp};\text{erythrocytes}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{possess}\&\text{nbsp};\text{distinct}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nuclei}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{2}. \textbf{Observe} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{key} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{features}. \&\text{nbsp};\text{Leucocytes}\&\text{nbsp};\text{show}\&\text{nbsp};\text{varied}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nuclear}\&\text{nbsp};\text{shapes}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{multi}-\text{lobed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{neutrophils},\&\text{nbsp};\text{bilobed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{eosinophils},\&\text{nbsp};\text{round}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{lymphocytes},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{kidney}-\text{shaped}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{monocytes};\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm}\&\text{nbsp};\text{may}\&\text{nbsp};\text{be}\&\text{nbsp};\text{granular}\&\text{nbsp};\text{or}\&\text{nbsp};\text{agranular}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{3}. \textbf{Select} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{the} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{correct} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{diagram}. \&\text{nbsp};\text{Option}\&\text{nbsp};\text{B}\&\text{nbsp};\text{accurately}\&\text{nbsp};\text{depicts}\&\text{nbsp};\text{these}\&\text{nbsp};\text{characteristic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nuclear}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasmic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{features}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{white}\&\text{nbsp};\text{blood}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}.$

Q4. The figures of cork cells as seen by Robert Hooke were published in the book {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) ​Origin of Species
(b.) ​Species Plantarum
(c.) ​Genera Plantarum
(d.) ​Micrographia​
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​Micrographia​

​Micrographia is a book written by Robert Hooke when he discovered the cells in 1665.​

Q5. ‘Omnis cellula-e cellula’ i.e., new cells arise from pre-existing cells; this statement was given by {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Schleiden and Schwann
(b.) Robert Brown
(c.) Rudolf Virchow
(d.) Robert Hooke
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Rudolf Virchow

$\text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1}. \textbf{Understand} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{the} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{question}. \&\text{nbsp};\text{It}\&\text{nbsp};\text{asks}\&\text{nbsp};\text{which}\&\text{nbsp};\text{scientist}\&\text{nbsp};\text{stated}\&\text{nbsp};’\text{Omnis}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cellula}\&\text{nbsp};\text{e}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cellula}’,\&\text{nbsp};\text{meaning}\&\text{nbsp};\text{new}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{arise}\&\text{nbsp};\text{from}\&\text{nbsp};\text{pre}-\text{existing}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{2}. \textbf{Recall} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{the} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{contributions} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{of} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{scientists} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{to} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{cell} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{theory}. \&\text{nbsp};\text{Schleiden}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Schwann}\&\text{nbsp};\text{proposed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{early}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{theory}\&\text{nbsp};\text{principles};\&\text{nbsp};\text{Robert}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Hooke}\&\text{nbsp};\text{discovered}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cork};\&\text{nbsp};\text{Robert}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Brown}\&\text{nbsp};\text{discovered}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nucleus};\&\text{nbsp};\text{Rudolf}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Virchow}\&\text{nbsp};\text{proposed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1855}\&\text{nbsp};\text{that}\&\text{nbsp};\text{all}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{arise}\&\text{nbsp};\text{from}\&\text{nbsp};\text{pre}-\text{existing}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{3}. \textbf{Select} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{the} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{correct} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{answer}. \&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{statement}\&\text{nbsp};’\text{Omnis}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cellula}\&\text{nbsp};\text{e}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cellula}’\&\text{nbsp};\text{was}\&\text{nbsp};\text{given}\&\text{nbsp};\text{by}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Rudolf}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Virchow},\&\text{nbsp};\text{which}\&\text{nbsp};\text{corresponds}\&\text{nbsp};\text{to}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Option}\&\text{nbsp};\text{C}.$

Q6. A protoplast is a cell {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) ​without cell wall​
(b.) without plasma membrane
(c.) without nucleus
(d.) undergoing division
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​without cell wall​

$\text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{Plant}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{possess}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{rigid}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{wall}\&\text{nbsp};\text{external}\&\text{nbsp};\text{to}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plasma}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane},\&\text{nbsp};\text{mainly}\&\text{nbsp};\text{composed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp}; c e l l u l o s e ,\&\text{nbsp};\text{hemicellulose},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{pectin}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{2}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{Treatment}\&\text{nbsp};\text{with}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{wall}–\text{digesting}\&\text{nbsp};\text{enzymes}\&\text{nbsp};(\text{e}.\text{g}.,\&\text{nbsp};\text{cellulase}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{pectinase})\&\text{nbsp};\text{removes}\&\text{nbsp};\text{this}\&\text{nbsp};\text{rigid}\&\text{nbsp};\text{layer},\&\text{nbsp};\text{leaving}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{living}\&\text{nbsp};\text{content}\&\text{nbsp};\text{enclosed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{only}\&\text{nbsp};\text{by}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plasma}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{3}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{resulting}\&\text{nbsp};\text{entity},\&\text{nbsp};\text{containing}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm},\&\text{nbsp};\text{organelles},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nucleus}\&\text{nbsp};\text{but}\&\text{nbsp};\text{lacking}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{wall},\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{termed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{protoplast}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{4}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{Hence},\&\text{nbsp};\text{by}\&\text{nbsp};\text{definition},\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{protoplast}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{without}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{wall}. \text{Answer}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{Option}\&\text{nbsp};\text{A}.$

Q7. The main arena of various types of activities of a cell is {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) ​plasma membrane​
(b.) mitochondrion
(c.) cytoplasm
(d.) nucleus
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* cytoplasm

$\text{1}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{A}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{divided}\&\text{nbsp};\text{into}\&\text{nbsp};\text{various}\&\text{nbsp};\text{compartments}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plasma}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane},\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm},\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nucleus},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{organelles}\&\text{nbsp};\text{such}\&\text{nbsp};\text{as}\&\text{nbsp};\text{mitochondria}. \text{2}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm}\&\text{nbsp};\text{contains}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{complex}\&\text{nbsp};\text{mixture}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{enzymes},\&\text{nbsp};\text{ribosomes},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{other}\&\text{nbsp};\text{molecules}\&\text{nbsp};\text{where}\&\text{nbsp};\text{most}\&\text{nbsp};\text{metabolic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{processes}\&\text{nbsp};\text{occur},\&\text{nbsp};\text{for}\&\text{nbsp};\text{example}\&\text{nbsp};\text{glycolysis}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{protein}\&\text{nbsp};\text{synthesis}. \text{3}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{nucleus}\&\text{nbsp};\text{stores}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{manages}\&\text{nbsp};\text{genetic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{information}\&\text{nbsp};\text{but}\&\text{nbsp};\text{does}\&\text{nbsp};\text{not}\&\text{nbsp};\text{host}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{bulk}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{enzymatic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{reactions}. \text{4}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plasma}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane}\&\text{nbsp};\text{controls}\&\text{nbsp};\text{transport}\&\text{nbsp};\text{into}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{out}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{but}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{not}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{primary}\&\text{nbsp};\text{site}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{metabolic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{activities}. \text{5}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Mitochondria}\&\text{nbsp};\text{perform}\&\text{nbsp};\text{specialized}\&\text{nbsp};\text{functions}\&\text{nbsp};\text{such}\&\text{nbsp};\text{as}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{tricarboxylic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{acid}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cycle}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{oxidative}\&\text{nbsp};\text{phosphorylation},\&\text{nbsp};\text{representing}\&\text{nbsp};\text{only}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{part}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cellular}\&\text{nbsp};\text{metabolism}. \text{6}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Therefore},\&\text{nbsp};\text{since}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{site}\&\text{nbsp};\text{where}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{majority}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{biochemical}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{enzymatic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{activities}\&\text{nbsp};\text{take}\&\text{nbsp};\text{place},\&\text{nbsp};\text{it}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{main}\&\text{nbsp};\text{arena}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{various}\&\text{nbsp};\text{types}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{activities}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}. \text{Answer}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{Option}\&\text{nbsp};\text{C}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm}.$

Q8. The nuclear material in bacterial cell is called {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) ​nucleoid
(b.) cellulose
(c.) ​mesosome
(d.) ​mucopeptide
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​nucleoid

​The term ‘prokaryote’ comes form the Greek word ‘pro’ meaning ‘before’ and ‘karyon’ meaning ‘nut’ or ‘Kernal’. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelles.​

Q9. Which of the following is the smallest cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Analysing}
(a.) ​Virus​
(b.) PPLO
(c.) ​Acetabularia​
(d.) ​Chlamydomonas​
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* PPLO

PPLO- Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms are Mycoplasmas which are the smallest cells and are only 0.3 µm in length.

Q10. Reabsorption of chloride ions from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney tubule is carried out by {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) Osmosis
(b.) Diffusion
(c.) Active transport
(d.) Brownian movement
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Diffusion

​The Bowman's capsule collects the filtrate and it enters the tubules of the nephron. From the tubules, the chloride ions from the glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed by diffusion.​

Q11. WBC is called true cell because of {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) ​presence of nucleus​
(b.) ​phagocytosis​
(c.) ​polymorphism​
(d.) ​none of these​
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​presence of nucleus​

White blood cells are true cells or complete cells as they have a nucleus, and other organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleolus, centrioles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes.​

Q12. Which of the following is an exception to cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Virus
(b.) Algae
(c.) Penicillium
(d.) Fungi
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Virus

$\text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{theory}\&\text{nbsp};\text{states}\&\text{nbsp};\text{that}: \text{1}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{All}\&\text{nbsp};\text{living}\&\text{nbsp};\text{organisms}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{composed}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}. \text{2}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{The}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{basic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{structural}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{functional}\&\text{nbsp};\text{unit}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{life}. \text{3}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{All}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{arise}\&\text{nbsp};\text{from}\&\text{nbsp};\text{pre}-\text{existing}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{2}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Viruses}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{acellular}\&\text{nbsp};\text{entities}\&\text{nbsp};\text{lacking}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm},\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{organelles},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{they}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cannot}\&\text{nbsp};\text{carry}\&\text{nbsp};\text{out}\&\text{nbsp};\text{metabolic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{processes}\&\text{nbsp};\text{independently}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{3}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Since}\&\text{nbsp};\text{viruses}\&\text{nbsp};\text{do}\&\text{nbsp};\text{not}\&\text{nbsp};\text{fulfil}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{fundamental}\&\text{nbsp};\text{criteria}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{theory},\&\text{nbsp};\text{they}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{considered}\&\text{nbsp};\text{exceptions}. \textbf{Answer}: \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{Option} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{A}: \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{Virus}$

Q13. Which of the following is not necessarily found in all living cells? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) ​Cytoplasm
(b.) Genetic material
(c.) Mitochondria
(d.) Plasma membrane
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Mitochondria

$\text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{All}\&\text{nbsp};\text{living}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{necessarily}\&\text{nbsp};\text{contain}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytoplasm},\&\text{nbsp};\text{genetic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{material},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plasma}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane}\&\text{nbsp};\text{to}\&\text{nbsp};\text{carry}\&\text{nbsp};\text{out}\&\text{nbsp};\text{fundamental}\&\text{nbsp};\text{life}\&\text{nbsp};\text{processes}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{2}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Mitochondria}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane}-\text{bound}\&\text{nbsp};\text{organelles}\&\text{nbsp};\text{present}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{eukaryotic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{for}\&\text{nbsp};\text{aerobic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{respiration}\&\text{nbsp};\text{but}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{absent}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{prokaryotic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{3}.\&\text{nbsp};\text{Since}\&\text{nbsp};\text{prokaryotic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{lack}\&\text{nbsp};\text{mitochondria},\&\text{nbsp};\text{mitochondria}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{not}\&\text{nbsp};\text{necessarily}\&\text{nbsp};\text{found}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{all}\&\text{nbsp};\text{living}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells};\&\text{nbsp};\text{hence},\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{correct}\&\text{nbsp};\text{option}\&\text{nbsp};\text{is}\&\text{nbsp};\text{C}.$

Q14. Substance 'A' is a polar molecule with higher concentration inside the cell than outside. How might this substance enter the cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) By active transport
(b.) ​By osmosis​
(c.) ​By diffusion without membrane protein​
(d.) ​By diffusion through membrane protein​
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* By active transport

Active Transport is the movement of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane which is against a concentration gradient.​

Q15. Both prokaryotic and plant cells differ from an animal cell because of the absence of {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Analysing}
(a.) 80S ribosomes
(b.) ​Mesosome
(c.) Centrioles
(d.) Nucleoid
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Centrioles

$\text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{1}. \textbf{Identify} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{the} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{organelle} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{in} \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{question}: \&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{Centrioles}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{2}.\text{Centrioles}\&\text{nbsp};\text{are}\&\text{nbsp};\text{paired},\&\text{nbsp};\text{cylindrical}\&\text{nbsp};\text{microtubular}\&\text{nbsp};\text{structures}\&\text{nbsp};\text{that}\&\text{nbsp};\text{organize}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{mitotic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{spindle}\&\text{nbsp};\text{during}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{division}\&\text{nbsp};\text{in}\&\text{nbsp};\text{animal}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{3}.\text{Plant}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{do}\&\text{nbsp};\text{not}\&\text{nbsp};\text{possess}\&\text{nbsp};\text{centrioles};\&\text{nbsp};\text{they}\&\text{nbsp};\text{form}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cell}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plate}\&\text{nbsp};\text{during}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cytokinesis}\&\text{nbsp};\text{instead}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{using}\&\text{nbsp};\text{a}\&\text{nbsp};\text{centrosome}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{4}.\text{Prokaryotic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{lack}\&\text{nbsp};\text{membrane}-\text{bound}\&\text{nbsp};\text{organelles}\&\text{nbsp};\text{altogether},\&\text{nbsp};\text{including}\&\text{nbsp};\text{centrioles},\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{divide}\&\text{nbsp};\text{by}\&\text{nbsp};\text{binary}\&\text{nbsp};\text{fission}. \text{Step}\&\text{nbsp};\text{5}.\text{Therefore},\&\text{nbsp};\text{both}\&\text{nbsp};\text{prokaryotic}\&\text{nbsp};\text{and}\&\text{nbsp};\text{plant}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{differ}\&\text{nbsp};\text{from}\&\text{nbsp};\text{animal}\&\text{nbsp};\text{cells}\&\text{nbsp};\text{by}\&\text{nbsp};\text{the}\&\text{nbsp};\text{absence}\&\text{nbsp};\text{of}\&\text{nbsp};\text{centrioles}. \text{Correct}\&\text{nbsp};\text{Answer}:\&\text{nbsp};\text{Option}\&\text{nbsp};\text{C}\&\text{nbsp}; \textbf{Centrioles} .$

Q16. Cell theory was formulated by __. {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Singer and Nicolson
(b.) Antonie Von Leeuwenhoek
(c.) Schleiden and Schwann
(d.) Robert Brown
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schleiden and Schwann

Cell theory was formulated by Schleiden and Schwann.

Q17. Select the correct option having the relative size of given structures in the descending order. {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) Cell, nucleus, chromosome, water molecule and oxygen atom
(b.) Cell, nucleus, water molecule, oxygen atom, chromosome
(c.) Chromosome, cell, nucleus, water molecule and oxygen atom
(d.) Nucleus, cell, chromosome, oxygen atom and water molecule
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell, nucleus, chromosome, water molecule and oxygen atom

Cell is the largest structure among all.

At 0.1 to 5.0 μm in diameter, prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells, which have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 μm.

Q18. ​Match the following columns:

{{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) ​A(iv), B(ii), C(i), D(iii)​
(b.) ​A(iv), B(iii), C(v), D(i)​
(c.) ​A(ii), B(iii), C(v), D(iv)​
(d.) ​A(ii), B(iv), C(v), D(i)​
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​A(iv), B(ii), C(i), D(iii)​

Mycoplasma : 0.3μμ in size

Human RBC : 7μμ in diameter

Nerve cell : longest cell

A typical eukaryotic cell : 10 - 20μμ in diameter

Q19. ​“Omnis cellula-e cellula” translates to​ {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) ​All animal and plants are made up of cells.​
(b.) ​Cells are structural and functional unit of life.​
(c.) ​New cells formed from pre-existing cells.​
(d.) ​All of these.​
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​New cells formed from pre-existing cells.​

Q20. White Blood Cells are amoeboid because: {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) They originated from amoeba
(b.) They have to carry oxygen
(c.) They must be able to perform diapedesis
(d.) They feed on amoeba
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* They must be able to perform diapedesis 

When any pathogens enter our body and cause some infection, the white blood cells accumulate at the site of infection for the destruction of those pathogens. The pseudopodia present in the WBCs help them to phagocytose the pathogen while the amoeboid shape of their body help them to squeeze through the very thin blood capillaries. WBCs change their shape and provide us the protection.

Q21. Why are guard cells of the leaves kidney-shaped? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) In order to facilitate photosynthesize
(b.) In order to facilitate transpiration
(c.) In order to facilitate closing and opening of the stomata to exchange gases
(d.) In order to facilitate transport of water through the xylem
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* In order to facilitate closing and opening of the stomata to exchange gases

Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells present on the surface of leaves and stems of plants that control the gaseous exchange in plants. The guard cells form stomatal pores through which gaseous exchange and transpiration take place.

Q22. Which one of the following best depicts the advantage of small cells over large cells in the body? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Different regions of a cell can communicate with each other rapidly for the cell to function effectively.
(b.) Cells have a large surface area / volume ratio for greater diffusion of substances in and out of the cell.
(c.) Smaller the cells, lesser the space a multicellular body would occupy.
(d.) Both (a) and (b)
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Both (a) and (b) 

The larger surface area relative to volume of the cell ensures greater diffusion of: • nutrients into the cell, • metabolic wastes from the interior to the outside of the cell, • respiratory gases i.e. oxygen into the cell and carbon dioxide out of the cell. • Any damage to the cell, can be easily repaired.

Q23. Number of cells in the adult human body is around {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) 38 million
(b.) 38 billion
(c.) 38 trillion
(d.) 3.8 trillion
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* 38 trillion 

Scientists concluded that the average human body contains approximately 38 trillion cells.

Q24. Spirogyra and Volvox are algae that are __ organisms. {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) single-celled
(b.) few-celled
(c.) multi-celled
(d.) None of these
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* few-celled 

Members of chlorophysea are unicellular, multicellular, colonial and flagellates. Prominent filamentous algae is Spirogyra, colonial algaea is Volvox with few cells.

Q25. The smallest cells are those of {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Protists
(b.) Mycoplasmas
(c.) Viruses
(d.) Cyanobacteria
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Mycoplasmas 

The cell is the structural unit of life with various shapes and size. The size of the cell ranges from 0.5 micrometers to 100 micrometers. Mycoplasma gallicepticum, a parasitic bacterium is thought to be the smallest known organisms with the size from 0.2 to 0.3 micrometer, capable of independent growth and reproduction. Later, the name for mycoplasma was pleuropneumonia-like organisms or PPLO.

Q26. Which is the largest cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Egg of Penguin
(b.) Egg of Ostrich
(c.) Egg of Kiwi
(d.) Egg of Rhea
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Egg of Ostrich 

The largest known cell is an ostrich egg (ovum cell), it is about 15cm to 18 cm long and wide generally.

Q27. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Cell
(b.) Tissue
(c.) Organ
(d.) Organ system
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell  

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Whether it is a complex organism like humans, animals or plants or simple organisms like the bacteria, they are all made of cells. So, the cell forms the most basic level of organization of organisms.

Q28. The branch which deals with the study of cell structure is known as {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Histology
(b.) Phycology
(c.) Mycology
(d.) Cytology
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cytology

​Cytology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of cells, their structure, function, origin, and pathology.

Q29. What did Robert Hooke discover in the thin section of the cork? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Cellulose
(b.) Cell wall
(c.) Nuclei
(d.) Protoplasm
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell wall  

Robert Hooke discovered cell in the year 1665. He observed cork cell in the bark of Spanish oak tree under a simple microscope and was able to see the empty structures surrounded by walls and named it a cell. He elucidated his observation in a book called "Micrographia".

Q30. Which of the following was/were the main postulates of the cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
(b.) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
(c.) Activities of an organism are the outcome of the total activities and interactions of its constituent cells.
(d.) All of these
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* All of these 

All living organisms are made up of cells or the products of the cells. 

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of tissues, organs, and entire functioning organisms.

New cells are formed through division in the pre-existing cells.

Q31. Who proposed cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden and Schwann
(b.) Watson and Crick
(c.) Mendel and Morgan
(d.) Robert Hooke
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schleiden and Schwann

Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, and Theodor Schwann, a British Zoologist formulated the cell theory in the mid-nineteenth century.In 1838 Schleiden was the first to state that cells are building blocks of plants.These discoveries led to the formulation of cell theory.But the cell theory failed to explain how the new cell arises from pre-existing cells.In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a German physiologist, stated that ‘Omnis cellula e cellula' means that new cell arises from pre-existing cells.

Q32. Cell was discovered and given the term by which of the following scientists? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Grew
(b.) Brown
(c.) Robert Hooke
(d.) Darwin
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Robert Hooke  

Robert Hooke was an English scientist who coined the term cell for the Honeycomb structures he saw in a cork slice. 

He used a primitive compound microscope .

He discovered it in 1665. Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see a live cell under a microscope in 1674.

Q33. Living cells were seen for the first time by which of the following scientists? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Leeuwenhoek
(b.) Robert Hooke
(c.) Behring
(d.) Jenner
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Leeuwenhoek 

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek was the first person who observed few living cells capable of moving, such as bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa and red blood corpuscles under his own designed microscope.

Q34. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about a prokaryotic cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Bacterial cell wall only made up of peptidoglycan.
(b.) Pili and fimbriae are used for motility in bacteria.
(c.) Cyanobacteria do not have flagella.
(d.) Mycoplasma is cell wall less microorganism
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Pili and fimbriae are used for motility in bacteria.

Pili and fimbriae helps in fertilization and attachment to substrate, respectively.

Q35. Which of the following organism is considered as the anaerobic smallest living organism? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Bacillus
(b.) Pseudomonas
(c.) Mycoplasma
(d.) Nostoc
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma is the smallest microorganism that can survive without oxygen i.e. anaerobic. It is small as it lacks cell wall

Q36. Which of the following structure is NOT located iin prokaryotic cells? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Nuclear membrane
(b.) Ribosomes
(c.) Mesosomes
(d.) Plasma membrane
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Nuclear membrane

In prokaryotic cells the genetic content is not enclosed by a membrane, and thus, called nucleoid.

Q37. Which of the following statement accurately explains about chromatophores? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) material present in lipopolysaccharide layer of gram-negative bacteria.
(b.) material coloured pigment present in flourescent bacteria.
(c.) pigments storing vesicles of the cells.
(d.) membrane extensions in cyanobacteria
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* pigments storing vesicles of the cells.

Prokaryotes like some photosynthetic bacteria contain coloured vesicles which are associated with the membrane

Q38. A unique features of prokaryotic cells is {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) cellulosic cell wall
(b.) plasmid DNA
(c.) peptidoglycan-based membrane
(d.) presence of inclusions body
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* presence of inclusions body

Inclusion bodies are present only in prokaryotic cells act as storage vessels.

Q39. Which of the following structure is exclusive to prokaryotic cells ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) inclusion bodies
(b.) plasmid
(c.) cell wall
(d.) 70S ribosomes
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* inclusion bodies

Prokaryotes store food particles and other necessary stuffs in the form of granules called the inclusion bodies. Plasmid in the form of episome is also found in eukaryotic cells. Cell wall is also found in eukaryotic cells. 70 S ribosome is also found in mitochondria and chloroplast.

Q40. Which of the following features establishes that cell is the structural and functional unit of life ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Anything less than complete cells does not consider as independent living.
(b.) Metabolism can occur in living cells.
(c.) Nucleic acid present in the cells ensures living condition.
(d.) Membrane bound organelle cause differentiation for functioning.
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Anything less than complete cells does not consider as independent living.

Anything less than complete cells is considered as acellular.

Q41. Which of the following postulate does NOT comes under Cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) All livings things are made up of cells and their products.
(b.) Cells are the structural and functional unit of life.
(c.) Omnis cellula-e-cellula
(d.) Virus is a cellular organism
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Virus is a cellular organism

Virus is an acellular entity.

Q42. Which of the following scientists is credited with the proposition of "Omnis cellula-e- cellula" ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden
(b.) Schwann
(c.) Rudolf Virchow
(d.) Robert Hooke
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Rudolf Virchow

Rudolf Virchow made the statement that cells arises from pre existing cells.

Q43. Which of the following scientist is credited with the discovery of cell wall in plant cells; and also established that cell wall is unique characters of plants? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden
(b.) Schwann
(c.) Rudolf Virchow
(d.) Robert Hooke
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schwann

Schwann worked on plant tissue to deduced that cell wall is unique to plant cell.

Q44. Which of the following organisms do not follow the postulates of cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Bacteria
(b.) Fungi
(c.) Lichen
(d.) Virus
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Virus

Viruses are the acellular organisms.

Q45. Which of the following scientists were credited for the proposition of cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden and Schwann
(b.) Watson and Crick
(c.) Mendel and Morgan
(d.) Robert Hooke
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schleiden and Schwann

Schleiden and schwann proposed the statements of cell theory.

Q46. Which microscope will be utilized for visualizing the ultrastructure of cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Light microscope
(b.) Dark field microscope
(c.) Electron microscope
(d.) Phase contrast microscope
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Electron microscope

Electron beam wavelength is 10,000 times shorter than visible light thus have high resolving power.

Light microscope uses visible light to examine object not visible from naked eyes.

Dark field microsome is ideal for viewing objects that absorbs little or no light.

Dark field microsome is ideal for viewing objects that absorbs little or no light.

Q47. Which one of the following represent the longest cell of the human body? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Neurons
(b.) Osteocytes
(c.) Muscle cells of leg
(d.) Cardiac cells
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Neurons

Neurons are the longest cell of the human body.

Osteocytes are not the longest cell of the human body.

Muscle cells of leg are not the longest cell of the human body.

Cardiac cells are not the longest cell of the human body.

Q48. Bacteria can be detected by using which of the microscope? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Light microscopy
(b.) Compound microscopy
(c.) Dark field microscopy
(d.) Simple microscope
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Compound microscopy

Compound microscopy uses visible light, It is useful for the demonstration of very thin bacteria not visible under ordinary illumination since the reflection of the light makes them appear larger.

Light microscopy is used for general magnification of biological specimen.

Dark field microscopy is used to visualize unstained objects.

Simple microscopy is used for the study of microscopic algae, fungi and biological specimens.

Q49. Element necessary for middle lamella is {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Ca
(b.) Zn
(c.) K
(d.) Cu
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Ca

The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates.

Zn helps in the synthesis of auxin.

K is an osmoregulator.

Cu is found in cytochromes.

Q50. The concept of “Omnis cellula-e cellula” regarding cell division was first proposed by

[NEET 2019] {{PYQ: [NEET 2019]}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden
(b.) Aristotle
(c.) Rudolf Virchow
(d.) Theodor Schwann
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Rudolf Virchow

Q51. Which of the following scientist observed Protoplasm for the first time? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Dujardin
(b.) Purkinje
(c.) Huxley
(d.) Butschli
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Dujardin 

All cells are made of the living substance known as protoplasm. The protoplasm is a fluid along with all the cell structures bounded within the limits of cell membrane. Huxley considered it the physical basis of life. It is the fundamental substance exhibiting the vital processes of the cell. It was first observed by Dujardin.

Q52. Which of the following microscopic technique is best suited for the study of cell ultrastructure ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Autoradiograph
(b.) X–ray diffraction method
(c.) Dark field microscope
(d.) None of these
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Dark field microscope

Dark field microscope is most useful for viewing the living cells.

Q53. Which of the following types of cell exhibit cellular totipotency ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Only gymnosperm cells
(b.) All plant cells
(c.) All eukaryotic cells
(d.) Only bacterial cells
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* All plant cells

All cells in the plants are capable of actively dividing and differentiating.

Q54. Which of the following term was used by Dujardin  to define the living substance of cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Biotic soup
(b.) Jivam
(c.) Sarcode
(d.) Protoplasm
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Sarcode

Dujardin applied the name 'sarcode' to the free plasma without a covering to protect it from contact with the outer world. So, the living things were named as a sarcode.

Q55. Which of the following microscopic techniques can be employed to study the dynamic aspects of a cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Electron microscope
(b.) Scanning microscope
(c.) Light compound microscope
(d.) Phase contrast microscope
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Phase contrast microscope

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible but become visible when shown as brightness variations. Phase contrast microscopy is particularly important in biology. It reveals many cellular structures that are not visible with a simpler bright field microscope. These structures were made visible to earlier microscopists by staining, but this required additional preparation and killed the cells. The phase contrast microscope made it possible for biologists to study living cells and how they proliferate through cell division. After its invention in the early 1930s, phase contrast microscopy proved to be such an advancement in microscopy, that its inventor Frits Zernike was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953. So, phase contrast microscopy is used to study dynamic aspects of cells as the cells are living.

Q56. Who coined the term Cytology, for the study of structure of cell and its components ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Bridges
(b.) Robert Hooke
(c.) Schwann
(d.) Hertwig
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Hertwig

Oscar Hertwig is a German zoologist and a professor who coined the term cytology. The term cytology means the branch of biology which deals with the study of structure and functioning of plant and animal cells.

Q57. Which of the following feature accurately differentiates plant cell from animal cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) The presence of cell wall and absence of chlorophyll in plant cell
(b.) The presence of cell wall and chlorophyll in plant cell
(c.) The absence of cell wall and presence of chloroplast in animal cell
(d.) The absence of cell wall and presence of chlorophyll in plant cell
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* The presence of cell wall and chlorophyll in plant cell

Presence of a cellulosic cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cells. The cell wall present in a plant cell is dead at maturity. Animal cells lack cellulosic cell walls. Plant cells have chlorophyll present inside cell organelles called plastids. Chlorophyll captures light energy which is used by plants in photosynthesis. Thus, plants are autotrophic. An animal cell lacks chlorophyll. Hence, animals are heterotrophic.

Q58. Which of the following scientists proposed that the cell is a unit of life and all cells in a tissue remain united ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Steward
(b.) Schleiden
(c.) Schwann
(d.) Dutrochet
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schleiden

Schleiden stated Cell is a unit of life and all cells in a tissue remain united.

Q59. The smallest living cells with the cell wall are {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) animal
(b.) plants
(c.) Mycoplasma
(d.) Bacteria
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Bacteria

Algae are the living cells which, have a cell wall composed of either polysaccharide (such as cellulose (a glucan)) or a variety of glycoproteins. But they are larger in size as compared to the bacterial cell. Bacteria is a unicellular prokaryotic organism possess prominent cell wall made up of peptidoglycans. Animal cell lack cell wall.  Mycoplasma has plasma membrane as the outermost covering, it lacks a cell wall. So, the correct answer is 'Bacteria'.

Q60. In which of the following technique of microscopy, living cell cannot be studied ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Light microscope
(b.) Compound microscope
(c.) Electron microscope
(d.) All of these
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Electron microscope

Preparation of a specimen for viewing under an electron microscope will kill it; therefore, live cells cannot be viewed using this type of microscopy.

Q61. Which of the following scientists were credited with the discovery of “electron microscope”? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Knoll and Ruska
(b.) Robert Brown
(c.) Correns
(d.) Janssen and Janssen
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Knoll and Ruska

The electron microscope was invented by Knoll and Ruska in the year 1932.

Q62. What is the differentiation capacity of human eye ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) 1 micron
(b.) 10 microns
(c.) 100-microns
(d.) 1000 microns
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* 100-microns

Cell is a microscopic unit which can be visible under a microscope. Resolving power of the eye lens is the ability of the lens to distinguish an object as a separate image. The human eye has a convex lens and visibility of the eye depends on its resolving power. The smallest size of a cell which can be seen with the unaided eye is the differentiation capacity of the human eye is 100 microns

Q63. Which of the following is considered as the basic unit of life ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Cell
(b.) Tissue
(c.) Organ
(d.) Organ system
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell

Cells are the basic unit of all living organisms.

Q64. Which of the following cell is considered as the biggest cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Hen egg
(b.) Human egg
(c.) Kidney cell
(d.) Ostrich egg
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Ostrich egg

The largest cell found in the world is ostrich egg. In human body the largest cell is ovum. It is also called egg cell which is reproductive cell in the female body. Ovum is 20 times bigger than the sperm cells and has a diameter of about 0.1 mm.

Q65. Who is considered as the father of modern cytology? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Leeuwenhoek
(b.) Robert Hooke
(c.) C. P. Swanson
(d.) A. K. Sharma
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* C. P. Swanson

Cytology is the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells. Where Leeuwenhoek is called the father of microbiology and Robert Hooke the father of cytology, Carl P Swanson is called the father of modern cytology. A K Sharma is called the father of Indian cytology.

Q66. Which of the following is considered as the smallest cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Bacteria
(b.) Parenchyma
(c.) P. P. L. O.
(d.) Virus
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* P. P. L. O.

The cell is the structural unit of life with various shapes and sizes. The size of the cell ranges from 0.5 micrometers to 100 micrometers. Mycoplasma gallicepticum, a parasitic bacterium is thought to be the smallest known organisms with the size from 0.2 to 0.3 micrometer, capable of independent growth and reproduction. Later, the name for mycoplasma was pleuropneumonia-like organisms or PPLO.

Q67. Who discovered Cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Robert Brown
(b.) Mendel
(c.) Robert Hooke
(d.) Jagdish Chandra Bose
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke observed the first cells from the organisms in cork in the 1600s.

Q68. Cell is a unit of life and all cells in a tissue remain united was idea of {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Steward.
(b.) Schleiden.
(c.) Schwann.
(d.) Dutrochet.
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schleiden.

By the late 1830s, botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues and proposed the unified cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that all new cells arise from existing cells.

Q69. Arrange the following cells in ascending order based on the number of nuclei in the cell
1. Secondary mycelium of Basidiomycetes
2. Cell of Vaucheria
3. Meristematic cell
4. Total number nuclei in the degenerating megaspores {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) 2, 4, 1, 3
(b.) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c.) 2, 4, 3, 1
(d.) 3, 2, 4, 1
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* 3, 1, 4, 2

Meristematic cells have a membrane bound nucleus. The secondary mycelium is dikaryotic. Total number nuclei in the degenerating megaspores are three. The number of nuclei in Vaucheria is always large, but is variable, ranging from 20 to 50. 

It represents the descending order.

The number of nuclei in Vaucheria is always large, but is variable, ranging from 20 to 50. 

Meristematic cells have a membrane bound nucleus.

Q70. Which one is the smallest cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Bacteria
(b.) Parenchyma
(c.) PPLO
(d.) Virus
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* PPLO

The cell is the structural unit of life with various shapes and sizes. The size of the cell ranges from 0.5 micrometers to 100 micrometers. Mycoplasma gallicepticum, a parasitic bacterium is thought to be the smallest known organisms with the size from 0.2 to 0.3 micrometer, capable of independent growth and reproduction. Later, the name for mycoplasma was pleuropneumonia-like organisms or PPLO.

Q71. Cell was discovered by {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Robert Brown
(b.) Mendel
(c.) Robert Hooke
(d.) Jagdish Chandra Bo
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke observed the first cells from organisms in cork in the 1600s.

Q72. Which of the following branch of science deals with the study of cell structure and function? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Oncology
(b.) Cytogenetics
(c.) Molecular biology
(d.) Cell biology
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell biology

Study of cell function and structure is called cell biology or cytology.

Q73. Who coined the term 'Cell' ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Robert Hooke
(b.) Robert Brown
(c.) Leeuwenhoek
(d.) Grew
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Robert Hooke

Robert hooke first coined the term cell in 1665.

Q74. Electron microscope is not suited for visualizing living cells. Why? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) They lose water vapor and disturb the vacuum of the microscope.
(b.) The heat generated by electrons injurious to cell and its organelles.
(c.) They are transparent and therefore remain invisible.
(d.) They are killed by fast beam of electron.
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* They lose water vapor and disturb the vacuum of the microscope.

Living cells cannot be observed using an electron microscope because samples are placed in a vacuum.

Q75. Which of the following structure is discovered by 'Robert Brown'? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Cell
(b.) Nucleus
(c.) Chromosome
(d.) Cell division
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Nucleus

It was discovered by Robert Brown in the year 1831.

Q76. Who has coined the term 'protoplasm'? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Hardy
(b.) Purkinje
(c.) Altmann
(d.) Dujardin
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Purkinje

Purkinje coined the term protoplasm. Purkinje is best known for his discovery of large nerve cells.

Q77. Who is known as the 'Father of Indian cytology'? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) A. K. Sharma
(b.) P. Maheshwari
(c.) B.P. pal
(d.) Lal Singh
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* A. K. Sharma

Arun Kumar Sharma or A. K. Sharma is the father of Indian cytology. He developed various new methods for chromosome analysis and gives a new theory of speciation. 

All cells are made of the living substance known as protoplasm. The protoplasm is a fluid along with all the cell structures bounded within the limits of cell membrane. Huxley considered it the physical basis of life. It is the fundamental substance exhibiting the vital processes of the cell. It was first observed by Corti.

Q78. Which of the following scientist is credited with the discovery of nucleus in 1831? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Robert Hooke
(b.) Robert Brown
(c.) Altmann
(d.) Swanson
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Robert Brown

The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown while he was working on orchids, under a microscope and he observed an opaque area, which he called the areola or nucleus. It is a site for the genetic material.

Q79. Which of the following scientists observed the living cell under the microscope for the first time? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) M.J. Schleiden
(b.) Schwann
(c.) Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
(d.) Robert Hook
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

The first person to see a living cell under the microscope was Anton Von Leeuwenhoek. He called that cell an animalcule.

Q80. Which of the following organism does not follow the cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Bacteria
(b.) Fungi
(c.) Lichen
(d.) Virus
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Virus

Viruses are non-living crystallisable entities which replicate in other living cells. They do not have a cellular structure and are an exception to cell theory.

Q81. Which of the following scientist was credited with the discovery of 'Microtome'? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Abbe
(b.) Tolles
(c.) Wilhelm His Sr
(d.) Malpighi
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Wilhelm His Sr

Sectioning is done by hand or machines known as microtomes. Microtome was developed by Wilhelm His Sr.

Q82. Who formulated cell theory ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Matthias Schleiden
(b.) Theordor Schwann
(c.) Leeuwenhoek
(d.) Both (1) and (2) Together
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Both (1) and (2) Together

T. Schwann Zoologist and M. Schleiden Botanist in 1830 while studying tissues proposed unified cell theory.

Q83. Microtomy is associated with {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) surgery of tissues
(b.) surgery of endocrine glands
(c.) a new technique of surgery where incision is not visible
(d.) fine sectioning by machine.
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* fine sectioning by machine.

Microtomy is a method for the preparation of thin sections for materials such as bones, minerals and teeth, and an alternative to electro polishing and ion milling. Microtome sections can be made thin enough to section a human hair across its breadth, with section thickness between 50 nm and 100 μm.

Q84. Who proposed 'OMNIS CELLULA E CELLULA'? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Leeuwenhoek
(b.) Dutrochet
(c.) Lamarck
(d.) Virchow
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Virchow

Rudolf Virchow explained that cells divide, and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells. "Omnis cellula e cellula" is also attributed to the Cell Theory that works on a similar principle. The cell theory asserts that every organism is formed of the same units of the organisation, known as cells.

Q85. Which of the following scientists coined the term 'microscope'? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Janssen and Janseen
(b.) Giovanni Faber
(c.) Robert Hooke
(d.) Leeuwenhoek
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Giovanni Faber

Giovanni Faber coined the name microscope for the compound microscope Galileo submitted to the Accademia dei Lincei in 1625.

Q86. Which of the following branches of science is associated with the study of cell structure ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Histology
(b.) Ecology
(c.) Morphology
(d.) Cytology
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cytology

Cytology is the branch of science which, deals with the study of form, structure, and contents of cells as observed under the microscope. The term was coined by Hertwig in 1893.

Q87. Which of the following is the postulate of cell theory ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) all cells have nucleus
(b.) cells are the functional and structural units of plants and animals
(c.) all cells are living
(d.) cells reproduce by mitosis & meiosis
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* cells are the functional and structural units of plants and animals

Cell theory was proposed by a German botanist, Matthias Schleiden and English zoologist, Theodor Schwann.

1) Cells are the building blocks of living organisms.

2) All living organisms are composed of cells and a cell is the basic structural and functional unit.

3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

So, according to the cell theory, all living beings are made of cells and cells are the basic structural units of living beings.

Q88. Who proposed the cell theory based on his studies on plants? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schwann
(b.) Schleiden
(c.) Jensen
(d.) Swanson
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schleiden

Cell theory was applied to plants by Schleiden. Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden proposed the cell theory which describes the properties of cells. These cells are the basic units of structures in all organisms and the basic unit of reproduction. The work on the plants was done by Matthias Jakob Schleiden.

Q89. Which of the following tissue exhibit the property of totipotency ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Meristem
(b.) Xylem sclerenchyma
(c.) Phloem sieve tube
(d.) Phellum
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Meristem

Totipotency is the ability of a cell to divide and differentiate. A meristematic tissue contains cells with fully filled cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus. They do not have any intercellular space between them. These are under a constant state of division and they are generally found in growing tips of root and stem.

Q90. Omins cellula – e – cellula is otherwise known as {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) cell theory
(b.) germ theory
(c.) Physical basis of heredity
(d.) Cell Lineage theory
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell Lineage theory

It was stated by Rudolph Virchow which means cells are formed from preexisting cells. It is one of the postulates of cell theory.

Germ theory of disease states that microorganisms or "germs" can lead to disease.  It is given by Louis Pasteur.

Chromosomes form the physical basis of heredity. 

Cell lineage denotes the developmental history of a tissue or organ from the fertilized embryo.

Q91. Which of the following structure is the most prominent feature of every living cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Membrane
(b.) Food vacuole
(c.) Chloroplast
(d.) Cell wall
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Membrane

Food vacuoles are usually seen in only animal cells. The chloroplast is present in only plant. The cell wall is present in only bacteria, fungi and plant cell walls. A living cell membrane is, however, a characteristic feature of every living cell. The plasma membrane separates living protoplasm from the environment and regulates the entry of materials coming into and moving out from the cell.

Q92. Cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann failed to explain {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) structure of the cell
(b.) function of the cell
(c.) formation of cells
(d.) importance of the cell
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* formation of cells

They failed to explain how the cells are formed from preexisting cells.

Schwann and Schleiden suggested that cells were the basic unit of life.

All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products.

Schwann and Schleiden suggested that cells were the basic unit of life.

Q93. Who proposed the Cell Lineage theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden
(b.) Schwann
(c.) Rudolf Virchow
(d.) Hooke
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Rudolf Virchow

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Schleiden proposed that new cells arise from within the old cells, especially from the nucleus. This was corrected by Rudolf Virchow who proposed, "Theory of cell lineage", it states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Q94. Which of the following names were given to the modern cell theory? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Protoplasmic theory
(b.) Cell doctrine
(c.) Cell Principle
(d.) Both 2 and 3
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Both 2 and 3

According to protoplasmic theory, protoplasm is the physical basis of life as discovered by Huxley. Cell principle states that cells are the structural and functional unit of all living organisms and cells are formed from pre-existing cells. Cell doctrine or cell theory states that all organisms are made up of the similar unit of organization. Modern cell theory includes concepts of cells principle and cell doctrine, so it is also called by those names.

Q95. Which of the following scientists were credited with the proposition of the cell theory ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) M. J. Schleiden
(b.) T. Schwann
(c.) M.J. Schleiden and T. Schwann
(d.) C.P. Swanson
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* M.J. Schleiden and T. Schwann

Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden proposed the cell theory which describes the properties of cells. These cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and the basic unit of reproduction.

Q96. Which of the following scientist is credited with the proposition that new cells are formed by the division of pre-existing cells? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Rudolf Virchow
(b.) W. Flemming
(c.) Karl Nageli
(d.) C.P. Swanson
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Rudolf Virchow

By carefully observing the process of cell division, Rudolf Virchow in 1858, argued that cells only arose from the division of pre-existing cells.

Q97. Which one of the following option is regarded as the living substance of the cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Karyoplasm
(b.) Protoplasm
(c.) Cytoplasm
(d.) Ooplasm
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Protoplasm

Protoplasm, the cytoplasm and nucleus of a cell. The term was first defined in 1835 as the ground substance of living material and hence, responsible for all living processes.

Q98. Which of the following scientists were credited with the proposition of cell hypothesis? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Schleiden
(b.) Schwann
(c.) Huxley
(d.) None of the above
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Schwann

Theodor Schwann proposed cell hypothesis.

Q99. Which of the following effect will be exhibited by the cell of small size? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Nucleus will be small
(b.) Nucleus will be very large
(c.) It will be metabolically more active
(d.) It will be metabolically less active
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* It will be metabolically more active

A small cell has less volume than a larger cell and so the enzymes, proteins can work faster due to surface area: volume ratio. This causes things to move around a lot quicker in smaller cells than in larger cells and so are metabolically more active.

Q100. Which of the following cellular structures is considered to be non-living? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding, Remembering}
(a.) Cell membrane
(b.) Cell wall
(c.) Mitochondria
(d.) Chloroplast
Ans: b
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell wall

The cell wall is the non-living structure of the cell made up of cellulose in plant cells. It is very tough, a rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection.

Q101. Which of the following pairs represent the largest unicellular animal and plant, respectively? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Amoeba , Acetabularia
(b.) Amoeba , Vaucheria
(c.) Paramecium, Chara
(d.) Plasmodium, bacteria
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Amoeba , Acetabularia 

Acetabularia is the largest unicellular organism. Acetabularia is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Polyphysaceae family. It is typically found in subtropical waters. Acetabularia is a single-celled organism, but gigantic in size and complex in form, making it an excellent model organism for studying cell biology. In animals, amoeba is the largest unicellular organism with no definite shape.

Q102. Which of the following series represents the decreasing order of relative sizes? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) Cell, nucleus, chromosome, water molecule and oxygen atom
(b.) Cell, nucleus, water molecule, oxygen atom, chromosome
(c.) Chromosome, cell, nucleus, water molecule and oxygen atom
(d.) Nucleus, cell, chromosome oxygen atom and water molecule
Ans: a
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Cell, nucleus, chromosome, water molecule and oxygen atom

The correct sequence of relative sizes in descending order is (a).

Q103. Which of the following is the smallest living cells enclosed by a cell wall? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Viroids
(b.) Protistans
(c.) Bacteria
(d.) Mycoplasma
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Bacteria

The smallest living cell is Mycoplasma. It has a size of about 0.0001 mm. However, it lacks a cell wall. The smallest living cell with a cell wall is bacteria. Archaea and members of Eubacteria are the smallest cells.

Q104. Which of the following structure/s are found in a mature plant cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Cell wall
(b.) Vacuole
(c.) Protoplasm
(d.) All of the above
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* All of the above

The protoplasm can be defined as a material which comprises the living part of the cell including the cytoplasm, nucleus and other organelles. Plant cells are characterized by the presence of large vacuoles and cell wall, which are not seen in animal cells.

Q105. Which of the following structures are not found in plant cells? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Spindle fibres
(b.) Centrioles
(c.) Asters
(d.) Centrioles and asters
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Centrioles and asters

Centrosomes are the cellular organelles which are involved in the formation of centrioles. The centrioles are the centres for the formation of the microtubules required for the spindle fibres formation during cell division. The aster is the star-like formation around the centriole. This is the region from where the spindle fibres get distributed in all the sides. The centrioles and asters are present in the animal cells and absent in the plant cells.

Q106. Which of the following is known as the smallest known cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) Acetabularia
(b.) Nostoc
(c.) Chlamydomonas
(d.) PPLO
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* PPLO

Pleuro Pneumonia like organisms are smallest known cell.

Q107. Which of the following is considered as a multinucleate cell ? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Coenobium
(b.) coenocyte
(c.) syncytium
(d.) Both b and c
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Both b and c

A cell usually contains a single nucleus. However, binucleate (eg. Paramecium caudatum), trinucleate (eg. Paramecium aurelia) and multinucleate forms also occur. A multinucleate cell can be called as a syncytium or a coenocyte

Q108. Which of the following is considered as longest plant cells? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) Vessels
(b.) Tracheids
(c.) Cotton fibre
(d.) Fibres of Ramie
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Fibres of Ramie

The largest plant cells are the xylem cells. Xylem is the tissue in a plant that acts like the plant’s blood vessels. 

It transports water and some nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

The xylem is composed of dead cells with thick, lignified secondary cell walls.

Q109. Which of the following statement mentioned below is the function of cell wall?

i)  Provides shape to the cell.

ii) Protects the cell from mechanical damage and infection.

iii) Helps in cell-to-cell interaction.

iv) Provides barrier to undesirable macromolecules {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) i and iii
(b.) i. iii and iv
(c.) ii and iv
(d.) i. ii. iii and iv
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* i. ii. iii and iv

All the given function is related to cell wall.

Cell wall very tough, flexible, and rigid layer that surrounds some types of cell it surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells which structural support and protection.

The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.

It also allows cells to develop turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.

Q110. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the cell? {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Understanding}
(a.) The largest cell is the egg of an ostrich
(b.) Bacteria are 3-5 Micron in size
(c.) Nerve cells are some of the smallest cells
(d.) Mycoplasma is the smallest cell
Ans: c
Exp: Correct Answer is:* Nerve cells are some of the smallest cells

Nerve cells are the longest cells of the body.

The largest egg produced by a living animal belongs to the ostrich. It is 20 times heavier than a chicken's egg and measures roughly 15cm tall and 13cm wide.

Bacterial cells range from about 1 to 10 microns in length and from 0.2 to 1 micron in width. They exist almost everywhere on earth.

The smallest cell is Mycoplasma gallicepticum.

Q111. ​Identify the A, B, C and D in the given figure.​

{{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Medium; Blooms Taxonomy: Applying}
(a.) ​A-WBC, B-Mesophyll cell, C-RBC, D-Columnar Epithelial cells​
(b.) ​A-Columnar epithelial cells, B-Mesophyll cell, C-WBC, D-RBC​
(c.) ​A-Mesophyll cell, B-WBC, C-Columnar epithelial cells, D- RBC​
(d.) ​A-RBC, B-Columnar epithelial cells, C-Mesophyll Cell, D-WBC​
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​A-RBC, B-Columnar epithelial cells, C-Mesophyll Cell, D-WBC​

​Figure A represents biconcave RBCs, B-represents columnar epithelium, C- represents mesophyll tissue in a leaf, D-represents amoeboid WBCs.​

Q112. ​Identify the mismatched combination.​ {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) ​PPLO: 0.3 µm in length.​
(b.) ​A typical eukaryotic cell: 10-20 µm.​
(c.) ​Typical bacteria: 1-2 µm.​
(d.) ​Viruses: 0.02-0.2 nm.​
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​Viruses: 0.02-0.2 nm.​

Viruses average size varies from 0.02-0.2 µm.

Q113. ​All the plants are composed of different kinds of cells which forms the tissue of the plant, this statement was given by ___.​ {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Easy; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) A German botanist; Rudolf Virchow.
(b.) ​A British zoologist; Matthias Schleiden​
(c.) ​A British zoologist; Theodore Schwann​
(d.) ​A German botanist; Matthias Schleiden​
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* ​A German botanist; Matthias Schleiden​

​In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, examined a large number of plants and observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of the plant.​

Q114. Identify the correct statements
I. Robert Hooke first used the word cell to name the microscopic honeycomb cavities in cork.
II. Anton Von Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a living cell.
III. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus.
IV. Rudolf Virchow explained that cells divided, and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells {{PYQ: N/A}} {Meta: TOPIC: Cell; Difficulty: Difficult; Blooms Taxonomy: Remembering}
(a.) I and II only​
(b.) Only I, II and III
(c.) Only III and IV
(d.) I, II, III and IV
Ans: d
Exp: Correct Answer is:* I, II, III and IV

Robert Hooke first used the word cell to name the microscopic honeycomb cavities in cork - Dead cell. Anton Von Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a living cell. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus. Rudolf Virchow explained that cells divided, and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells

Q115. Match list I with list II

List I	List II
a. Schleiden and Schwann	I. Living cell
b. Rudolf Virchow	II. Nucleus
c. Anton Von leeuwenhoek	III. Cell theory
d. Robert Brown	IV. Omnis cellula-e- cellula